This collection contains nine wartime letters written by Alfred Thompson, a soldier in Company H (and later Company A), 49th Pennsylvania Infantry during the American Civil War. Addressed to David Wray (or David Ray), Thompson's letters focus heavily on personal matters. He writes disjointedly, sometimes cryptically, of past misdeeds; he also frequently refers to his duty, his enjoyiment of army life, and the possibility of his death, all while boasting of his skills as a soldier and a writer, comparing himself to Edgar Allan Poe and Robert Burns. (The letters suggest that Thompson had a poem entitled "Keystone Volunteers" published in Forney's War Press.)

Elsewhere, Thompson comments upon his wartime experiences, describing his regiment's participation in one battle, listing the items that he carries on the march, and describing his weapons ("'an Austrian rifle 900 yards' a seven shooter 40 yards, and an opera glass --- yards, these two latter articles I purchased on my own hook the latter to be sure I was right; the former to go ahead with"). He likens soldiering to prostitutes: "[W]hen I see men turning 'double summerselts,' standing patiently to the knees in 'mud puddles,' 'breakfasting' on 'hard crackers and water,' sleeping on the hard ground: and ready at a moments notice to be set as a Target for the foe, it remiinds me somewhat of those people who make a business of selling their charms for a cost." He occasionally mentions incidents of camp life, including outbreaks due to poison ivy, an owl in his tent, and the cost of newspapers, but the focus throughout the letters remains his past experiences, his personal situation, and his hopes for redemption and reconciliation.