William A. Leonard Papers,
Scope and Content
The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.
All the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:
we have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan & Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant & Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering
Although battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:
The Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop...Leonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons "for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth." He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.
Please note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection.
Dates
- 1864 - 1865
Creator
- Leonard, William A., b.1843(?) (Person)
Access Restrictions
Collection is open for research.
Use Restrictions
Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.
Biographical Note
William A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817) and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls "Nora" in his letters and is later listed as "Mary" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County.
It is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers.
Leonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.
Sources:
- Ancestry.com
- Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, National Park Service.
- The Metal Worker, vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011.
Extent
0.2 Cubic Feet (1 box)
Language of Materials
English
Abstract
The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.
Arrangement
The collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order.
Acquisition Information
William A. Leonard's diary was purchased by Special Collections in July 2011. A group of Leonard's correspondence from 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in September 2011. Additional correspondence from 1864 and 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in December 2011.
Processing Information
The processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011.
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Humphrey's Station Va., March 30, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., March 28, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., March 18, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., March 15, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., March 3, 1865 (2nd letter) (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., March 3, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station Va., February 24, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Patrick Station, February 21, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, July 12, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Camp Near Petersburg Va., November 1, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Readville Ma., July 18, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Petersburg Va., August 25, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- William A. Leonard Papers, 1864-1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Readville Ma., July 21, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Near Petersburg Va., June 25, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Near Petersburg Va., June 23, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Diary, William Leonard, August 17, 1864 to April 30, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Near Petersburg Va., June 19, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Near Petersburg Va., June 18, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Parents, Near Petersburg Va., June 15, 1864 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Bailey's Crossroads Va., June 16, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, June 24, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Bailey's Crossroads Va., June 10, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, July 4-6, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, June 27, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, July 9, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, July 7, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, May 18, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Alexandria Va., May 14, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Near Richmond, May 5, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, June 3-4, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, May 31, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, May 26, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Camp Near Washington, May 25, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Near Burkeville Va., April 7, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Near Burkeville Va., April 23, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Letter, William Leonard to Mother, Near Burkeville Va., April 29, 1865 (Ms2011-106)
- Title
- William A. Leonard Papers, 1864-1865
- Status
- Completed
- Author
- Kira A. Dietz, Archivist
- Date
- © 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. All rights reserved.
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
Repository Details
Part of the Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech Repository
Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries (0434)
560 Drillfield Drive
Newman Library, Virginia Tech
Blacksburg Virginia 24061 US
540-231-6308
specref@vt.edu