Manuscript text written by an unidentified late 18th- or early 19th-century physician, providing causes and symptoms of, and treatments for, various maladies.

The collection contains four letters written by Union American Civil War soldier William Moore, Private, Company E, 27th Kentucky Infantry. Letters primarily detail Moore's desire to return home and concerns over both his and his wife's health. An additional two letters by Capt. J.R. Robinson concern Moore's poor health and his subsequent death.

This collection includes the papers of James R. Perdue and his family. Items include a program for the Battle of the Crater reunion, a Sunday School concert flyer, seven obituaries for Perdue, a letter from J. R. Perdue, Jr., and two ledgers. Perdue (1837-1915) was a banker from Manchester, Virginia, and served as a Confederate soldier in the Otey Battery, Virginia Artillery during the American Civil War.

The Piedmont Tuberculosis Sanatorium (Burkeville, Virginia) Collection includes materials from 1926-1971. The collection contains information relating to the operation of the sanatorium from 1918-1965. The collection contains administrative papers, published works of doctors, ephemera, and images.

The collection consists of Roanoke Hospital Association administrative records.

The collection consists of a letter written by Dr. Leonard A. Slater to his father, John Slater, on October 10, 1862. At the time of the letter Leonard A. Slater was serving as a surgeon in the 15th Virginia Calvary at General Hospital No. 23 in Richmond, Virginia.

The Edward L. Stratton Diary was written by an American Civil War soldier who was in the 122nd Company of Pennsylvania, and it covers military action, army medicine, battle wounds, and hospital life and work.

This collection contains financial documents, personal records, and ephemera related to the medical practice of Dr. James E. Tarter of Wytheville, Virginia, from about 1879 to 1941.

George Tulley Vaughan was an American Surgeon who was born in 1859 and lived until 1948. This collection contains multiple articles that Dr. George Tully Vaughan published. Each publication has something to do with the medical field, and most are about surgery. Also contained in the collection is a copy of The Youth's Companion from 1908. The Youth's Companion is a magazine that was first issued in 1827.

The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.